The Search for Effective Alternatives to Conservatorship

This article explores outcomes of daily money management (DMM) services for older persons. It is based on research that examined the ability of DMM lo provide an alternative to court-appointed conservatorship that is less restrictive. Results indicate that although he DMM programs studied did not diven older persons from conservatorship, they appeared to offer several important advantages. These included helping older persons secure benefits and services, enhancing their financial security, and reducing financial exploitation.     

论清初丁酉世盟高会

顺治十四年,冒襄于南京举行了丁酉世盟高会,大会故交同盟子弟.雅集上众人共同抒发了故国之思及抗清思变的愿望,造成集体拒绝参加江南乡试的政治影响.然而由于同盟后人的敌国之思终究存在隔闵、抗争思想不够坚决及难以抗拒现实利益的诱惑,使得拒绝参加清廷科考只能是暂时性的偶发事件.     

Getting payments at Centrelink

This paper presents findings from a small qualitative study of tertiary students who were receiving income support payments from Centrelink. They are some of the millions of Australians receiving income support payments from Centrelink each year. The aim of the study was to explore and illuminate the experience of receiving income support payments. The findings indicate that people who may appear to have no problems accessing Centrelink may nevertheless undertake considerable efforts to receive their payments. These efforts involve practical tasks, intra and interpersonal processes and use of material resources. As many social work clients receive some sort of income support payment, these issues are relevant across social work settings.     

Income Comparison as a Determining Mechanism of Class Identification: A Quantitative and Simulation Study Using Japanese Survey Data

This paper questions whether personal income comparison explains the distributive gap between income and class identification by exploring the following two issues: empirical validity of income comparison as the determinant of class identification, and theoretical validity of income comparison for the distributive gap. For the first issue, we conduct a statistical analysis using data from the Social Stratification and Social Mobility surveys (1975–2005), and the Stratification and Social Psychology-I survey (2010). We find that the criteria for choosing reference groups changed historically from residential proximity to occupational equality. In addition, income comparison with sensitive to lower-income possessors and a distorted perception of income difference significantly affected class identification, except for the year of 1985. The simulation analysis employed to examine the second issue clarified that income comparison with the above-mentioned features yields a less skewed distribution compared to that of class identification. The data also indicates that the empirical conditions of income are satisfied for realization of this result. Thus, we could ascertain empirical and theoretical validity of income comparison as explanation for the distributive gap between income and class identification.     

试论西方民主的欺骗性

西方民主正在世界范围大行其道,但西方民主并非完美,其实与完美完全无关。民主是一种社会制度,没有也不可能有普适性。民主的存在是有条件和范围的,强行推广某一民主理念,只能带来无尽的灾难。经济滑坡、国家分裂;恐怖主义、民族分离主义,种族偏见与民族歧视,人的全面异化,贫富差距急剧增大,拜金主义等等严重政治、社会问题与一味鼓吹西方的所谓民主、自由、人权有着密不可分的联系。所谓西方民主的美好只是幻影,西方民主只是西方国家用来掩盖其疯狂攫取利益的工具。认识西方民主的欺骗性,不仅是一个重要的理论问题,也是一个事关民族独立与国家发展的根本问题。     

Longitudinal predictors of reading achievement among at-risk children

Early exposure to multiple risk factors is related to an elevated risk for academic difficulty. Thus, it is important to promote academic resilience as early as possible and to identify factors that support resilience. Given the positive relation between early literacy skills and later academic outcomes, examining resilience in reading is important. This study examined, first, whether the reading gap widens or narrows for below-average and above-average, at-risk children during the first four years of school; and, second, what protective factors predict reading achievement over time from kindergarten through the end of third grade. Results indicated that as a group, low-achieving children made smaller gains in reading than high-achieving children over the first four years of school. In addition, participation in center-based prekindergarten care, plus more access to books in the home, better interpersonal skills, and fewer poor physical conditions immediately surrounding elementary schools served as protective factors for at-risk children's early literacy development.     

社会保障的制度约束及其矫正

建设和谐社会是新时期发展背景下的发展目标取向。为适应这一目标，必须在国民经济收入分配制度体乐的设计中切实完善社会保障制度。土地长期受益权、城乡统筹是农民社会保障的核心。     

地区间个人收入差距的状况及特点(英文)

在地区收入差距的文献中，一直缺乏从个人收入角度出发的研究；而关于个人收入分配的研究，也很少考察地区差异。文章使用2005年全国1％人口普查数据，从个人收入角度描述了全国及（几种不同定义下的）地区间的个人收入差距，并分析了影响个人收入差距的因素，得到了一些有意义的结果。     

我国社会保障基尼系数的讨论与估算

 内容提要：我国收入基尼系数的扩大已被大多数学者研究与认同，但基于收入“二次分配”的社会保障基尼系数的研究还十分欠缺。本文认为社会保障作为收入再分配的重要手段之一是对人均社会福利收入分配的补充与调整，在社会经济资源配置过程中起着重要作用。本文采用相对平均差的基尼系数方法对我国社会保障差异化程度进行离散型数据分析，发现我国社会保障基尼系数值较高，但总体上有缩小趋势；其中，主要表现在养老保险与其他社会保险项目发展的不平衡性与区域差异性，所以应进一步加强全民养老保险与医疗保险制度建设，促进工伤、失业保险制度的协同发展。建立全国统筹的社会保障制度，协调各社会保险项目的平衡发展关系对于缩小社会保险基尼系数有重要现实意义。     

基于托达罗模型修正的农村非农就业影响因素研究

因为农村非农就业的快速发展已使其影响因素分析成为必要,故在修正托达罗人口流动模型的基础上,探讨影响农村非农就业的因素。研究认为：由收入差距和农民工就业率决定的城乡预期收入差距是影响农村非农就业规模的主要因素,而劳动力市场均衡分析表明各种因素共同影响最终形成了三部门条件下新的城乡收入差距。为了验证以上结论而设计的统计检验表明：务工工资、务农收入差距和农民工就业率是影响非农就业的最重要的因素,而农民工人力资本储量、人均家庭负担以及城市现代部门工资与务工收入差距的影响也较显著。因此,政策制定者必须通过发展农业生产和构建人口流动管理长效机制,以规范农村非农就业。